First of all, he explains why the holiday is eight days—there was only enough oil for one day but it lasted eight. Thus our rabbinic sources, particularly the Scholion to Megillat Taanit, are part of a long-standing search by Jews for the origins of this beloved but mysterious holiday.45) The happy thought came to them to tear it down, lest it be a lasting shame to them that the Gentiles had defiled it; so they tore down the altar.21) When they informed us that they could not find any fire, but only muddy water, he ordered them to scoop some out and bring it. If this event was so well-known, why would it have taken so long to be recorded? Many of the dates have been forgotten and haven’t been observed for thousands of years. There also isn’t space to speculate as to what the original reason for the holiday was. אמרו לו: משם ראייה? The Hanukkah story with which we are familiar is one of several explanations made in the ancient world as to why Hanukkah is an eight day fire holiday.

In the year 166-165 B.C.E., the Hasmoneans (called Maccabees in Greek sources) led a rebellion against the Greeks which culminated in the rededication of the Temple on the 251) In the days of yore there was the dedication done by Moses.For the Greeks entered the Temple and they defiled all of the oil in the Temple, and when the Hasmoneans prevailed, they looked and didn't find anything but one flask of oil that was stamped with the High Priest's seal. And there was only enough to light for one day. Note the stilted language, “and there was no oil in which to light.” Vered Noam has shown that the original version of this scholion read, “and there was nothing in which to light the oil.” This version is still found in the Or Zarua, a medieval talmudic commentary (source 4a). Eight days in which one may not mourn.ת"ר לפי שראה אדם הראשון יום שמתמעט והולך אמר אוי לי שמא בשביל שסרחתי עולם חשוך בעדי וחוזר לתוהו ובוהו וזו היא מיתה שנקנסה עלי מן השמים עמד וישב ח' ימים בתענית [ובתפלה]50) Then they burned incense on the altar and lighted the lamps on the lampstand, and these illuminated the temple…19) When our fathers were exiled to Persia, devout priests of the time took some of the fire from the altar and hid it secretly in the hollow of a dry cistern, making sure that the place would be unknown to anyone.כדתניא: לא יעשה אדם ... מנורה כנגד מנורה.

So here we are, well into Hannukah, and across the land Jewish parents are racking their brains and clicking on two-day deliveries from Amazon.

But he can make a menorah with five [branches] or six or eight. While Christmas is a big deal, Hanukkah is actually a minor Jewish holiday. Now Judas celebrated the festival of the restoration of the sacrifices of the temple for eight days, and omitted no sort of pleasures thereon; but he feasted them upon very rich and splendid sacrifices; and he honored God, and delighted them by hymns and psalms. Vered Noam’s masterful work, 3) For when the Greeks went into the sanctuary, they defiled all the vessels and there was no oil in which to light. And in case you are curious—it is the story I tell my children as well.Our rabbis taught: Adam saw that the days were getting shorter, and he said, “Oy! And why is it to be observed for all generations? First of all, none of these sources mentions the familiar “miracle of the oil” the story found only in the Bavli. Hanukkah is an eight day holiday associated with fire because there was a miracle that occurred for eight days and that miracle involved oil/fire.מאי חנוכה?

We shall see how this tradition developed in rabbinic sources.There isn’t the space here to examine Greek sources, namely the two Books of Maccabees and Josephus on Hanukkah.

Nay, they were so very glad at the revival of their customs, when, after a long time of intermission, they unexpectedly had regained the freedom of their worship, that they made it a law for their posterity, that they should keep a festival, on account of the restoration of their temple worship, for eight days. He established them for the sake of heaven and they established them for idolatry.The “Scholion” is an attempt by later rabbis to write a commentary to Megillat Taanit. The next year they established these days as holidays, for the recitation of the Hallel and for Thanksgiving.Despite the holiday’s clear origins, both traditional sources and modern scholars alike have grappled with the holiday of Hanukkah, specifically with the two questions that are the sub-title of this shiur: why is Hanukkah connected with fire and why is it eight days?

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