“That’s commitment.”On a chill foggy autumn evening in 1859, abolitionist John Brown and a rough gang of 21 men with guns and pikes and revolt in their hearts quietly hiked five miles from a farm in Western Maryland to the federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Va. Their ambitions were outrageous: surprise the guards at the armory, capture wagonloads of rifles and then flee, distributing the guns among slaves. Thus at his trial he emphatically rejected an insanity plea to spare him from the hangman. They leveled their guns and fired.Instead Brown lingered—shooting at townsfolk, taking prisoners and raising hell—knowing trouble would be on the way as soon as the B&O reached its next stop. Those sentenced to die must be slain “in such manner as should be likely to cause a restraining fear,” John Junior wrote. A day after the killings, John Brown was confronted by his son Jason. Yet even when he had to travel prone in the bed of a wagon, his energy drained by the illness, he never despaired of his project.The Browns and their allies cast the killings as an act of self-defense: a preemptive strike against proslavery zealots who had threatened their Free State neighbors and intended to harm them. Then came a rap at the door of their cabin on Mosquito Creek, a tributary of Pottawatomie Creek.

“It must have been hotter than the hinges of hell up there,” said local historian Tom Clemens. The youngest son of Brown’s first marriage, Frederick, began in his late teens to suffer frequent episodes of a mood disorder sufficiently severe that his father took him to a “celebrated” physician for treatment; Frederick was never institutionalized, but the family kept him indoors when his “spells” became severe.Southerners, on the other hand, were convinced that if Brown’s raid had succeeded, the slaves he incited to rebel would have slain their masters. “I never lie down without taking the precaution to fasten my door,” a settler from South Carolina wrote his sister soon after the killings. The fire engine house Brown used as a refuge during his raid, now in its fourth location, is neatly preserved, mostly. He surrendered not only his men but also a valuable store of guns, horses, and provisions.To get to the roots of Brown’s mental state, we must turn to those closest to him for help. Ask for details ; Follow Report by Damian27 04/02/2018 Six were captured and five escaped. Senator from Massachusetts, was severely beaten with a cane on the Senate floor by Senator Preston Brooks of South Carolina because of verbal attacks the virulently anti-slavery Sumner had made on another South Carolinian. Born in Connecticut on May 9, 1800, Brown became involved in the He loved to hold his children and sing to them; he regularly brought the little ones presents, and he often teased his adolescent sons about their preoccupation with girls.But this version of events didn’t accord with evidence gathered after the killings. John Jr. later attributed the episode to the strain of losing command of his militia company after the Pottawatomie killings, in which he had no hand, and to his being arrested and held in chains for “treason” by the territorial authorities as a free-state legislator. He was pledged to destroy slavery, and indifference to it deeply offended him. fervent abolitionists, on the other hand, glorified Brown, whose sacrifice On December 7, 1859,

Implicitly it presupposed a hierarchy of values that, if widely adopted, would threaten the end of the slave regime. “Is he crazy, or is he a shrewd manipulator of public opinion?” Brown had a family history of mental infirmities, yet Clemens thinks “it’s too easy to write him off as crazy.”Get inside articles from the world's premier publisher of history magazines. unsympathetic jury. implications of his execution in religious terms. He was also egotistical, inept, cruel, intolerant and self-righteous, “always exhibit[ing] a puritanical obsession with the wrongs of others.”“You are our prisoner,” came the reply.

This cryptic phrase spoke clearly to Jason, who knew “Africa” was his father’s code for the slaveholding South.“He is a strange, resolute, repulsive, iron-willed inexorable old man,” Phillips added, possessing “a fiery nature and a cold temper, and a cool head—a volcano beneath a covering of snow.”In 1931 the United Daughters of the Confederacy and Sons of Confederate Veterans dedicated a monument to Shepherd, celebrating him as a black man who did not flee or take up arms against whites. Even today, debate continues on how Brown should be remembered: as a martyr to freedom, as a well-intended but misguided individual, or as a terrorist who hoped for revolution and, perhaps, murder on a grand scale.Newspaper columnist and history junkie Tim Rowland loves to hike, but supports his habits by writing. symbolism of his death in the state of Virginia continued to materialize But it failed to produce the “restraining fear” that John Junior believed to be its intent. Fire Mission!...Unlike those earlier cultish marches, the hike planned for this fall’s 150th anniversary will be publicized and well attended. like-minded zealots, hacked five proslavery men to death with broadswords, New England cultural figures like Ralph Waldo When the trio tried to escape, James Doyle was shot down and his sons hacked to death with short sabers. She and John didn’t know the identity of the men who came to their door, but they’d glimpsed their faces in the candlelight. Partisans on both sides spent the summer raiding, robbing, burning, and murdering, while federal troops struggled to contain the anarchy. It was now Sunday morning, about 2 or 3 a.m. Four armed men poured into the cabin, took Wilkinson’s gun, and told him to get dressed. righteous inspiration for both sides immediately before and during the “His head was cut open; there was a hole in his breast.” Mahala Doyle, having glanced at the bodies of her husband and older son, could not look at Drury.

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